SRINAGAR: The Government of India has implemented a range of initiatives over the past three years aimed at combating sexual violence against women and children across the nation. These efforts include significant legal reforms, awareness campaigns, and enhanced support systems for victims, all geared towards addressing the rising number of sexual violence cases in the country.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development, in response to questions raised in the Lok Sabha, outlined several critical actions taken by the government to ensure the safety and security of women and children. These initiatives encompass a wide array of legal, technological, and victim-centric reforms.
One of the most significant steps taken by the government is the enactment of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), which came into effect in July 2024. These laws aim to modernize the criminal justice system by consolidating offences related to sexual violence, making the prosecution of offenders more streamlined and efficient. Key provisions under the new laws include Section 111 on organized crime, and Section 69 addressing sexual intercourse under false promises of marriage, employment, or promotion. Increased penalties for serious crimes such as gang rape and child prostitution, with mandatory minimum sentences for the most severe offences, have also been introduced. Furthermore, Sections 75 and 79 offer expanded legal protections against harassment, including unwelcome sexual advances and sexually coloured remarks.
To enhance the efficiency of law enforcement, the government has introduced several technological measures. Zero FIR and e-FIR systems have been launched to eliminate geographical barriers, allowing victims to file complaints at any police station regardless of where the crime occurred. The SHe-Box portal has been developed to allow women to file complaints of sexual harassment in the workplace, offering a centralized platform for such grievances and ensuring real-time monitoring. These measures make the justice system more accessible and responsive to the needs of survivors.
The government has established numerous support structures to assist survivors of sexual violence. One Stop Centres (OSCs), part of the Sambal sub-scheme under Mission Shakti, provide integrated services to women affected by violence. These services include police facilitation, legal aid, medical care, and temporary shelter. As of now, over 800 OSCs are operational across India, assisting more than 10 lakh women. The Women Helpline-181, established under the Nirbhaya Fund, offers a toll-free emergency helpline for women in distress. Integrated with the Emergency Response Support System (ERSS-112), this helpline has provided assistance to over 81 million women across the country.
To ensure that justice is delivered swiftly to victims of sexual violence, the government has established Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs). These courts focus on cases related to rape and offenses under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act. As of October 2024, 750 FTSCs, including exclusive e-POCSO courts, have been operational in 30 states and union territories, helping to dispose of over 287,000 cases of sexual violence. Additionally, the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) has implemented training programs for police officers to enhance their skills in investigating sexual violence cases. These programs also focus on gender sensitivity, ensuring that police officers interact with victims appropriately and professionally.
The government has collaborated with various Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and state agencies to strengthen efforts against sexual violence. Initiatives under the Nirbhaya Fund have included the establishment of Anti-Human Trafficking Units (AHTUs) and Cyber Crime Prevention Programs. These programs aim to prevent human trafficking for sexual exploitation and address online threats, particularly related to cyber-enabled sex trafficking. The National Commission for Women (NCW) has worked with state counterparts to conduct awareness campaigns through workshops, media outreach, and seminars, focusing on legal rights, safety measures, and the resources available for victims.
In recognition of the mental and emotional impact of sexual violence, the government has prioritized psycho-social counselling for survivors. Through a partnership with the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), the Ministry of Women and Child Development has provided training to One Stop Centre staff on addressing the psychological needs of women affected by violence. This initiative, called Stree Manoraksha, equips counsellors and other professionals to provide vital mental health support to survivors.
To ensure the successful implementation of these initiatives at the grassroots level, the government plans to conduct workshops in every block across India. These workshops will focus on raising awareness about legal provisions, available support systems, and preventive measures against sexual violence. Periodic monitoring will be carried out to assess the effectiveness of these initiatives and ensure that the needs of victims are met.
The government’s multifaceted approach to combating sexual violence reflects a strong commitment to ensuring the safety and empowerment of women and children across India. Through a combination of legal reforms, technological innovations, victim support services, and public awareness campaigns, the government is creating a safer and more inclusive society. These measures signify a progressive step towards ensuring that women and children can live free from fear of sexual violence and discrimination.
